Misbeliefs In One's Inefficacy May Retard Development

Self-efficacy Beliefs Differ From Outcome Expectations, Judgments Of The Likely Consequence [that] Behavior Will Produce.

Perceived Self-efficacy Influences The Types Of Causal Attributions People Make For Their Performances

Reasonably Accurate Appraisal Of One's Own Capabilities Is, Therefore, Of Considerable Value In Successful Functioning. Large Misjudgments Of Personal Efficacy In Either Direction Have Consequences. People Who Grossly Overestimate Their Capabilities Undertake Activities That Are Clearly Beyond Their Reach. As A Result, They Get Themselves Into Considerable Difficulties, Undermine Their Credibility, And Suffer Needless Failures. Some Of The Missteps, Of Course, Can Produce Serious, Irreparable Harm

Moreover, Joint Occurrences Tend To Be Better Recalled Than Instances When The Effect Does Not Occur. The Proneness To Remember Confirming Instances, But To Overlook Disconfirming Ones, Further Serves To Convert, In Thought, Coincidences Into Causalities.

Most Of The Images Of Reality On Which We Base Our Actions Are Really Based On Vicarious Experience.