Research Under A Paradigm Must Be A

Philosophers Of Science Have Repeatedly Demonstrated That More Than One Theoretical Construction Can Always Be Placed Upon A Given Collection Of Data.

All Significant Breakthroughs Are Break -“withs” Old Ways Of Thinking.

In Science Novelty Emerges Only With Difficulty, Manifested By Resistance, Against A Background Provided By Expectation.

Every Important Idea In Science Sounds Strange At First.

Later Scientific Theories Are Better Than Earlier Ones For Solving Puzzles In The Often Quite Different Environments To Which They Are Applied. That Is Not A Relativist's Position, And It Displays The Sense In Which I Am A Convinced Believer In Scientific Progress.