There Is More To Biology Than Rats,

The Reduced Variability Of Small Populations Is Not Always Due To Accidental Gene Loss, But Sometimes To The Fact That The Entire Population Was Started By A Single Pair Or By A Single Fertilized Female. These 'founders' Of The Population Carried With Them Only A Very Small Proportion Of The Variability Of The Parent Population. This 'founder' Principle Sometimes Explains Even The Uniformity Of Rather Large Populations, Particularly If They Are Well Isolated And Near The Borders Of The Range Of The Species.

Evolution Thus Is Merely Contingent On Certain Processes Articulated By Darwin: Variation And Selection.

In Neither His Definition Nor The Examples Illustrating What Memes Are Does Dawkins Mention Anything That Would Distinguish Memes From Concepts.

According To The Concept Of Transformational Evolution, First Clearly Articulated By Lamarck, Evolution Consists Of The Gradual Transformation Of Organisms From One Condition Of Existence To Another.

There Are A Number Of Attributes Of Species And Populations That Are Not Of Any Particular Selective Advantage To Any Single Individual In A Population But That Are Of Great Advantage To The Population As A Whole.