We Notice As The Bible Goes On,

The Ups And Downs Of This Cosmos May Sometimes Be Acknowledged To Be Metaphorical Ups And Downs, But Until About Newton's Time Most People Took The "up" Of Heaven And The "down" Of Hell To Be More Or Less Descriptive.

A Reader Who Quarrels With Postulates, Who Dislikes Hamlet Because He Does Not Believe That There Are Ghosts Or That People Speak In Pentameters, Clearly Has No Business In Literature. He Cannot Distinguish Fiction From Fact, And Belongs In The Same Category As The People Who Send Checks To Radio Stations For The Relief Of Suffering Heroines In Soap Operas.

Failure To Grasp Centrifugal Meaning Is Incomplete Reading; Failure To Grasp Centripetal Meaning Is Incompetent Reading.

No Human Society Is Too Primitive To Have Some Kind Of Literature. The Only Thing Is That Primitive Literature Hasn't Yet Become Distinguished From Other Aspects Of Life: It's Still Embedded In Religion, Magic And Social Ceremonies.

Characters Tend To Be Either For Or Against The Quest. If They Assist It, They Are Idealized As Simply Gallant Or Pure; If They Obstruct It, They Are Characterized As Simply Villainous Or Cowardly. Hence Every Typical Character...tends To Have His Moral Opposite Confronting Him, Like Black And White Pieces In A Chess Game.